See koszmarek on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "koszmarkowaty"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cauchemar",
"cauchemar#French"
],
[
"koszmar",
"koszmar#Polish"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
],
[
"*-ъkъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъkъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
],
[
"-ek",
"-ek#Old_Polish"
],
[
"-ek",
"-ek#Polish"
],
[
"koszmar",
"koszmar#Polish"
],
[
"-ek",
"-ek#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "koszmar",
"4": "-ek",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrench cauchemarbor.\nPolish koszmar\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish koszmarek\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cauchemar\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"koszmar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъkъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"koszmarek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"koszmarek\">\nFrom koszmar + -ek.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrench cauchemarbor.\nPolish koszmar\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish koszmarek\nFrom koszmar + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "koszmarek m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kosz‧ma‧rek"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kosz‧ma‧rek"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "koszmarkowatość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Dreams",
"orig": "pl:Dreams",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "pl:Fear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koszmar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of koszmar"
],
"id": "en-koszmarek-pl-noun-65S7bM70",
"links": [
[
"koszmar",
"koszmar#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"form-of",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Dreams",
"orig": "pl:Dreams",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "pl:Fear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something very ugly"
],
"id": "en-koszmarek-pl-noun-GNZ00Xc4",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) something very ugly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "potworek"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Dreams",
"orig": "pl:Dreams",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "pl:Fear",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something very unpleasant"
],
"id": "en-koszmarek-pl-noun-OotMUIx4",
"links": [
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) something very unpleasant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "potworek"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔʂˈma.rɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-arɛk"
}
],
"word": "koszmarek"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ek",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/arɛk",
"Rhymes:Polish/arɛk/3 syllables",
"pl:Dreams",
"pl:Fear"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "koszmarkowaty"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cauchemar",
"cauchemar#French"
],
[
"koszmar",
"koszmar#Polish"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-kъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
],
[
"*-ъkъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ъkъ#Proto-Slavic:_nominal"
],
[
"-ek",
"-ek#Old_Polish"
],
[
"-ek",
"-ek#Polish"
],
[
"koszmar",
"koszmar#Polish"
],
[
"-ek",
"-ek#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "koszmar",
"4": "-ek",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrench cauchemarbor.\nPolish koszmar\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish koszmarek\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cauchemar\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"koszmar\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-kъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ъkъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"koszmarek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"koszmarek\">\nFrom koszmar + -ek.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrench cauchemarbor.\nPolish koszmar\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Slavic *-kъ\nProto-Slavic *-ъkъ\nOld Polish -ek\nPolish -ek\nPolish koszmarek\nFrom koszmar + -ek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarek",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarkach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "koszmarki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "koszmarek m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kosz‧ma‧rek"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kosz‧ma‧rek"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "koszmarkowatość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish diminutive nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "koszmar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of koszmar"
],
"links": [
[
"koszmar",
"koszmar#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"form-of",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"something very ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) something very ugly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "potworek"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"something very unpleasant"
],
"links": [
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) something very unpleasant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "potworek"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔʂˈma.rɛk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-arɛk"
}
],
"word": "koszmarek"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koszmarek meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.